Калькулятор расхода сухих смесей онлайн: Расход сухой смеси на 1м2 стяжки – Калькулятор KALK.PRO

Расчет состава и пропорций строительных растворов

Информация по назначению калькулятора

Калькулятор строительного раствора предназначен для расчета пропорций и состава цементно-песчанных и цементно-керамзитовых растворов, подбора необходимой подвижности и расчета стоимости.

При заполнении данных, обратите внимание на дополнительную информацию со знаком Дополнительная информация

Строительство — сфера, в которой невозможно обойтись без цементного раствора. Прочность раствора зависит от того, какую марку цемента вы будете применять, от модуля крупности песка и соблюдении правил твердения. Строительный раствор необходимо использовать не позднее чем через 30 минут после изготовления.

Способ приготовления строительного раствора.

Песок и цемент на сухую смешивают в необходимых пропорциях, и постепенно порциями заливают водой, до получения нужной подвижности. При необходимости в воде изначально разводят расчетное количество пластификаторов. Во избежание налипания раствора на стенки бетоносмесителя, воду необходимо вливать именно в смесь малыми порциями.

Необходимая марка раствора зависит от марки используемых материалов. Например, при кирпичной кладке с маркой кирпича М100, необходимо замешать раствор такой же марки. Для приготовления раствора под основание фундамента можно использовать раствор меньшей прочности, чем марка прочности фундамента. Для расчета необходимой марки и подвижности, воспользуйтесь калькулятором подбора состава и пропорций строительного раствора.

Расчет состава строительных растворов производится в соответствии с СП82-101-98: «Приготовление и применение строительных растворов» и ГОСТ 28013—98: «Растворы строительные. Общие технические условия».

Для более комфортной работы с цементными растворами необходимо применять пластификаторы, либо для бытовых работ обычные моющие средства. Они помогают достичь пластичности раствора и упрощают процесс замешивания. Выбор пластификаторов достаточно большой, необходимо выбирать наиболее подходящий для ваших условий, например в холодное время нужно использовать пластификаторы с противоморозными добавками.

Для кладки кирпича и строительных блоков существуют «теплые» растворы, с добавлением теплосберегающих связующих, таких как пенополистирол, керамзитовый и перлитовый песок. Такие растворы препятствуют потере тепла через «мостики холода» и делают стену более монолитной по своим свойствам.

Важным параметром является подвижность раствора. Необходимо подбирать именно ту, которая соответствует виду работ. Примерная таблица подвижности строительных растворов:

• П1
– кладка бутовых камней методом вибрирования
• П2
– обычная кладка бутовых камней; Монтаж стен и расшивка швов в стенах из крупных панелей и блоков
• П3
– кладка пустотелых и полнотелых кирпичей, строительных блоков; заливка пустот бутовой кладки
• П4
– Штукатурные работы

Существуют 3 типа растворов, различающихся составом.

1. Известковые растворы
— Прочность их меньше чем у чистого цементного раствора, однако, они теплее и имеет большую пластичность. Для изготовления используется известковое тесто, молотую негашеную известь и песок.
2. Цементно-известковый раствор
— В него входит цемент и известковое тесто. Он очень пластичен и обладает высокой прочностью, может применяться практически для любого вида кладки.
3. Цементно-песчанный раствор
— В его основе цемент и песок. Такая смесь без пластификаторов достаточно жесткая, а также малоподвижная.

Далее представлен полный список выполняемых расчетов с кратким описанием каждого пункта. Если вы не нашли ответа на свой вопрос, вы можете связаться с нами по обратной связи.

Общие сведения по результатам расчетов

• Количество цемента
— Общее расчетное количество необходимого цемента на весь раствора.
• Количество воды
— Общее расчетное количество необходимой воды на весь объем. Внимание! Окончательное количество воды подбирается опытным путем, в зависимости от влажности песка.
• Количество заполнителей
— Общее количество песка (заполнителя) на весь объем в килограммах.
• Плотность раствора
— Плотность раствора в сыром состоянии.
• В/Ц
— Водоцементное соотношение.
• Пропорции
— Относительное соотношение компонентов раствора. Ц — часть цемента; П — часть песка; В – часть воды.
• Стоимость
— Стоимость каждого материала и общая на весь объем.

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90000 Flow Rate Calculator — Good Calculators 90001 90002 This flow rate calculator uses flow velocity and cross-sectional flow area data to determine the volumetric flow rate of liquid. 90003 90002 You can calculate the flow rate in five simple steps: 90003 90006 90007 Select the shape of the cross-section of the channel 90008 90007 Input all the measurements required to compute the cross-sectional area 90008 90007 Input the average velocity of the flow 90008 90007 Choose the unit of the flow rate 90008 90007 Click on the «Calculate» button to compute the flow rate.90008 90017 90018 What is Volumetric Flow Rate? 90019 90002 The volumetric flow rate, which is also commonly referred to as the 90021 rate of liquid flow 90022 or 90021 volume flow rate 90022, is the volume of a given fluid that flows within a unit of time. It is usually denoted by the 90025 Q 90026 symbol. 90003 90002 The rate at which a liquid flows will vary according to area of ​​the pipe or channel through which it is passing and the velocity of the liquid. 90003 90002 Units that are commonly used to measure volumetric flow rate are: m 90031 3 90032 / s (cubic meter per second), L / min (liters per minute), ft 90031 3 90032 / sec (cubic feet per second), ft 90031 3 90032 / min (cubic feet per minute, or CFM), and gal / min (gallons per minute, or GPM).90003 90002 The volumetric flow rate (Q) can be computed as the product of the cross-sectional area (A) for flow and the average flow velocity (v) as follows: 90003 90002 Q = A * v 90003 90018 Example: 90019 90002 Let’s say we have a circular channel that has an inner diameter of 8 inches. Water is flowing through the channel at an average velocity of 16 feet per second. We can determine the volumetric flow rate as follows: 90003 90002 The flow rate will vary according to the cross-sectional area of ​​the channel: 90003 90002 Area = π * (Diameter) 90031 2 90032/4 90003 90002 Area = 3.1415926 * (8/12 ft) 90031 2 90032/4 90003 90002 Area = 0.349 ft 90031 2 90032 90003 90002 The area of ​​the pipe is 0.349 ft 90031 2 90032. Using this information, we can determine the flow rate (Q) as follows: 90003 90002 Q = Area * Velocity 90003 90002 Q = (0.349 ft 90031 2 90032) * (16 ft / s) 90003 90002 Q = 5.584 ft 90031 3 90032 / s 90003 90002 90025 Answer: 90026 In this example, the water flows through the circular channel at a rate of 5.584 ft 90031 3 90032 / s.90003 90002 90003 90018 Formulas for Calculating Flow Rate 90019 90002 The channel or pipe through which a liquid flows will commonly have a circular, rectangular, or trapezoidal cross-sectional shape. The formula that is used to determine flow rate will vary according to this cross-sectional shape. Common approaches are outlined below. 90003 90086 Calculating the Flow Rate in a Circular / Partially Full Circular Pipe 90087 90002 The cross-sectional area of ​​a full circular pipe can be determined as follows: 90089 A = π * (Diameter) 90031 2 90032/4 90003 90002 The flow rate (Q) can be written as: 90089 Q = (Velocity) * π * (Diameter) 90031 2 90032/4 90003 90002 The cross-sectional area of ​​a partially full circular pipe can be determined as follows: 90089 A = (Diameter) 90031 2 90032 * (theta — sin (theta)) / 8 90003 90002 Where, theta [in radians] is the central angle between the lines drawn from the center of the pipe to the water surface at each side.90003 90002 The flow rate (Q), is thus as follows: 90003 90002 Q = (Velocity) * (Diameter) 90031 2 90032 * (theta — sin (theta)) / 8 90003 90086 Calculating the Flow Rate of a Rectangular Channel 90087 90002 The cross-sectional area of ​​a rectangular channel can be determined as follows: 90089 A = (Width) * (Depth) 90003 90002 The flow rate (Q), is thus as follows: 90089 Q = (Velocity) * (Width) * (Depth) 90003 90086 Calculating the Flow Rate of a Trapezoidal Channel 90087 90002 The cross-sectional area of ​​a trapezoidal channel can be determined as follows: 90089 A = (Depth) * (Top Width + Bottom Width) / 2 90003 90002 The flow rate (Q), is thus as follows: 90089 Q = (Velocity) * (Depth) * (Top Width + Bottom Width) / 2 90003 90002 You may also be interested in our Friction Loss Calculator 90003 .90000 Mortgage Calculator 90001 90002 90003 90004 90005 90006 90005 90008 90004 90010 90011 Monthly Pay: $ 1,030.06 90012 90013 90004 90010 90006 90017 90018 Monthly 90019 90006 90017 90018 Total 90019 90006 90025 90026 90010 90018 Mortgage Payment 90019 90006 90017 90018 $ 1,030.06 90019 90006 90017 90018 $ 370,821.91 90019 90006 90025 90004 90010 Property Tax 90006 90017 $ 300.00 90006 90017 $ 108,000.00 90006 90025 90004 90010 Home Insurance 90006 90017 $ 100.00 90006 90017 $ 36,000.00 90006 90025 90004 90010 Other Costs 90006 90017 $ 250.00 90006 90017 $ 90,000.00 90006 90025 90026 90010 90018 Total Out-of-Pocket 90019 90006 90017 $ 1,680.06 90006 90017 $ 604,821.91 90006 90025 90004 90075 90006 90025 90026 90079 90018 House Price 90019 90006 90017 $ 300,000.00 90006 90025 90004 90079 Loan Amount 90006 90017 $ 240,000.00 90006 90025 90004 90079 Down Payment 90006 90017 $ 60,000.00 90006 90025 90004 90079 Total of 360 Mortgage Payments 90006 90017 $ 370,821.91 90006 90025 90004 90079 Total Interest 90006 90017 $ 130,821.91 90006 90025 90004 90079 Mortgage Payoff Date 90006 90017 Jul. 2050 90006 90025 90116 90006 90025 90116 90006 90025 90116 90123 90004 90005 90126 90018 Payments 90019 90129 90006 90005 90126 90018 Mortgage Amortization Graph 90019 90129 90006 90025 90116 90126 The Mortgage Calculator helps estimate the monthly payment due along with other financial costs associated with mortgages.There are advanced options to include extra payments or annual percentage increases of common mortgage expenses. The calculator is mainly intended for use by the U.S. residents. 90129 90141 Mortgages 90142 90126 A mortgage is a loan secured by property, usually real estate property. Lenders define it as the money borrowed to pay for real estate. In essence, the lender helps the buyer pay the seller of a house, and the buyer agrees to repay the money borrowed over a period of time, usually 15 or 30 years.Each month, a payment is made from buyer to lender. A portion of the monthly payment is called the principal, which is the original amount borrowed. The other portion is interest, which is the cost paid to the lender for using the money. There may be an escrow account involved to cover the cost of property taxes and insurance. The buyer can not be considered the full owner of the mortgaged property until the last monthly payment is made. In U.S., the most common loan is the conventional 30-year fixed-interest loan, which represents 70% to 90% of all mortgages.Mortgages are how most people are able to own homes in the U.S. 90129 90126 90018 Mortgages are Secured Loans 90019 90129 90126 Because a house or purchased property acts as collateral in exchange for the money borrowed to finance the purchase, mortgages fall under the category of secured loans. As a result, failure by the borrower to repay the borrowed money and interest to the lender gives the lender the right to take over the secured property. A foreclosure is a legal process in which a mortgaged property is sold to pay the debt of the borrower who defaulted.90129 90141 Key Components of a Mortgage 90142 90126 A real estate mortgage usually includes the following key components: 90129 90155 90156 90018 Loan amount 90019 -the amount borrowed from a lender or bank. The maximum loan amount one can borrow normally correlates with household income or affordability. To estimate an affordable amount, please use our House Affordability Calculator. 90159 90156 90018 Down payment 90019 -the upfront payment of the purchase, usually a percentage of the total price.In the US, if the down payment is less than 20% of the total property price, typically, private mortgage insurance (PMI) is mandatory until the principal is paid down to less than 80% or 78% of the total property price. The PMI rate normally ranges from 0.3% -1.5% of the total loan amount, depending on various factors. A general rule-of-thumb is that the higher the down payment, the more favorable the interest rate. 90159 90156 90018 Loan term 90019 -the amount of time over which the loan must be repaid in full.The most popular lengths are 30 years and 15 years. Normally, the shorter the loan term, the lower the interest rate. 90159 90156 90018 Interest rate 90019 -the rate of interest charged by a mortgage lender. It can be fixed (otherwise known as a fixed-rate mortgage, or FRM), or adjustable (otherwise known as an adjustable rate mortgage, or ARM). The calculator above is only usable for fixed rates. For ARMs, interest rates are generally fixed for a period of time, after which they will be periodically adjusted based on market indices.ARMs transfer part of the risk to borrowers. Therefore, the initial interest rates are normally 0.5% to 2% lower than FRM with the same loan term. Mortgage interest rates are normally expressed in Annual Percentage Rate (APR), which is sometimes called nominal APR or effective APR. It is the interest rate expressed as a periodic rate multiplied by the number of compounding periods in a year. For example, if a mortgage rate is 6% APR, it means the borrower will have to pay 6% divided by twelve, which comes out to 0.5% in interest every month. APR will usually have some additional costs rolled in. 90159 90172 90126 The most common way to repay a mortgage loan is to make monthly, fixed payments to the lender. The payment contains both the principal and the interest. For a typical 30-year loan, the majority of the payments in the first few years cover the interest. 90129 90141 Costs Associated with Home Ownership and Mortgages 90142 90126 Monthly mortgage payments usually comprise the bulk of the financial costs associated with owning a house, but there are other important costs to keep in mind.These costs are separated into two categories, recurring and non-recurring. 90129 90126 90018 Recurring Costs 90019 90129 90126 Most recurring costs persist throughout and beyond the life of a mortgage, they are a significant financial factor. Property taxes, home insurance, HOA fees, and other costs increase with time as a byproduct of inflation. There are optional inputs within the calculator for annual percentage increases. Using these can result in more accurate calculations. In some cases, these routine costs combined can be more than the mortgage payment! 90129 90155 90156 90018 Property taxes 90019 -a tax that property owners pay to governing authorities.In the U.S., property tax is usually managed by municipal or county government. The annual real estate tax in the U.S. varies by location, normally ranging from 1% to 4% of the property value. In some extreme cases, the tax rate can be 10% or higher. 90159 90156 90018 Home insurance 90019 -an insurance policy that protects the owner from accidents that may happen to their private residence or other real estate properties. Home insurance can also contain personal liability coverage, which protects against lawsuits involving injuries that occur on and off the property.The cost of home insurance varies according to factors such as location, condition of property, and coverage amount. Typically, the annual cost can range from 0.1% to 5% of the property value. 90159 90156 90018 Private mortgage insurance (PMI) 90019 -protects the mortgage lender if the borrower is unable to repay. In the U.S. specifically, if the down payment is less than 20% of the property value, the lender will normally require the borrower to purchase PMI until the loan-to-value ratio (LTV) reaches 80% or 78%.PMI price varies according to factors such as down payment, size of the loan, and credit of the borrower. The annual cost typically ranges from 0.3% to 1.5% of the loan amount. 90159 90156 90018 HOA fee 90019 -a fee that is imposed on the property owner by an organization that maintains and improves the property and environment of the neighborhoods that the specific organization covers. Condominiums, townhomes, and some single-family homes commonly require the payment of HOA fees. Annual HOA fees usually amount to less than one percent of the property value.90159 90156 90018 Other costs 90019 -includes utilities, home maintenance costs, and anything pertaining to the general upkeep of the property. It is common to spend 1% or more of the property value on annual maintenance alone. 90159 90172 90126 90018 Non-Recurring Costs 90019 90129 90126 These costs are not addressed by the calculator, but they are still important to keep in mind. 90129 90155 90156 90018 Closing costs 90019 -the fees paid at the closing of a real estate transaction.These are not recurring fees, but they can be expensive. In the US, the closing cost on a mortgage can include an attorney fee, the title service cost, recording fee, survey fee, property transfer tax, brokerage commission, mortgage application fee, points, appraisal fee, inspection fee, home warranty, pre -paid home insurance, pro-rata property taxes, pro-rata homeowner association dues, pro-rata interest, and more. Sellers will share some of these costs. It is not unusual for a buyer to pay about $ 10,000 in total closing costs on a $ 400,000 transaction.90159 90156 90018 Initial renovations 90019 -some buyers may choose to renovate before moving in. Examples may be changing the flooring, repainting the walls, updating the kitchen, or even overhauling the entire interior or exterior. These renovations can become costly very quickly. 90159 90156 90018 Miscellaneous 90019 -New furniture, new appliances, and moving costs are also significant and common non-recurring costs of a home purchase. 90159 90172 90141 Early Repayment and Extra Payments 90142 90126 In many situations, mortgage borrowers may want to pay off mortgages earlier rather than later, either in whole or in part, for reasons including but not limited to interest savings, home selling, or refinancing.However, before doing so, it is important to first check with mortgage lenders to see if they accept early or extra payments, as some will have prepayment penalties. 90129 90126 90018 Prepayment Penalty 90019 90129 90126 A prepayment penalty is an agreement, most likely explained in a mortgage contract, between a borrower and a mortgage lender that regulates what the borrower is allowed to pay off and when. Penalty amounts are usually expressed as a percent of the outstanding balance at the time of prepayment, or a specified number of months of interest.The penalty amount typically decreases with time until it phases out eventually, normally within 5 years. 90129 90126 There are two types of prepayment penalties, soft prepays and hard prepays. A soft prepay allows for the sale of a home without penalty, while a hard prepay penalizes a person for not only selling a home, but also refinancing it. Most mortgage lenders allow borrowers to pay off up to 20% of the loan balance each year. One-time payoff due to home selling is normally exempt from a prepayment penalty.Few lenders charge prepayment penalties in response to the sale or refinancing of a home, but be sure to review the loan terms carefully just in case. FHA loans do not have prepayment penalties. 90129 90126 90018 Early Repayment Strategies 90019 90129 90126 Aside from paying off the mortgage loan entirely, typically, there are three main strategies that can be used to payback a mortgage loan earlier. Borrowers mainly adopt these strategies to save on interest. These methods can be used in combination or individually.90129 90245 90156 90018 Refinance to a loan with a shorter term 90019 -Interest rates of shorter term mortgage loans will most likely be lower. This is because in the lenders ‘eyes, shorter loan lengths are less risky, so they are more willing to provide more favorable interest rates to the borrower. Keep in mind that this imposes higher financial pressure on the borrower due to the higher monthly mortgage payments. Also, there may be fees involved. 90159 90156 90018 Make extra payments 90019 -on typical long-term mortgage loans, a very big portion of the earlier payments will go towards paying down interest rather than the principal.Any extra payments will decrease the loan balance, thereby decreasing interest, and allowing the borrower to pay off the loan earlier in the long run. Some people form the habit of paying extra every month, while others pay extra whenever they can. There are optional inputs in the Mortgage Calculator to include many extra payments, and it can be helpful to compare the results of supplementing mortgages with or without extra payments. 90159 90156 90018 Make biweekly (once every two weeks) payments of half month’s payment instead 90019 -since there are 52 weeks each year, this is the equivalent of making 13 months of mortgage repayments a year instead of 12.This method is mainly for those who receive their paycheck biweekly. It is easier for them to form a habit of taking a portion from each paycheck to make mortgage payments. Displayed in the calculated results are biweekly payments for comparison purposes. 90159 90258 90126 90018 Benefits of Early Repayment 90019 90129 90126 There are a number of reasons for borrowers to pay off their mortgage sooner, either in whole or in part. 90129 90155 90156 90018 Interest savings 90019 -due to the size and length of the mortgage loan, the savings on interest can be significant.90159 90156 90018 Shorter repayment period 90019 -the more additional payments made, particularly early in the life of the loan, the shorter the overall loan term. 90159 90156 90018 Personal satisfaction 90019 -many people like the feeling of being debt free and having full ownership of a house. 90159 90172 90126 90018 Drawbacks of Early Repayment 90019 90129 90126 While paying off a mortgage earlier may sound like a great idea, it may not make sense in all cases. 90129 90155 90156 90018 The investment opportunity costs may be high 90019 -In the grand scheme of finance, mortgage rates tend to be on the lower end.For instance, paying off a mortgage with 4% interest does not seem so enticing for people that can make 10% or more return on investments. 90159 90156 90018 Capital locked up in house 90019 -Paying off a mortgage earlier than usual can result in too much money being locked up in a home too fast. While this may be good to some people, it can place financial burdens on borrowers who require a certain level of liquidity to maintain their financial health. In the case of an emergency, it is much easier to access funds in an investment account or bank account rather than funds in the form of home equity.Also, accumulated home equity may be counted against the owner when applying for need-based college aid. 90159 90156 90018 Lose the tax deduction 90019 -In the U.S., mortgage interest is typically tax deductible. During the earliest years of a mortgage when interest payments are the highest, borrowers may benefit from a sizable deduction, especially if they are in a higher tax bracket. No more mortgage means no related tax deduction any more. Keep in mind that this perk is generally only available to taxpayers who choose to itemize their tax deductions rather than take the standard deduction.90159 90172 90141 Brief History of Mortgages in the U.S. 90142 90126 In the U.S., before the Great Depression, home mortgages were five to ten-year loans offered by private firms that only covered about 50% of a home’s value, and the principal was due as a balloon payment at the end of the term. As a result, the prospect of becoming a homeowner as an American then was not as promising as it is today. The modern mortgage got its start in 1934 when the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) sought to find a way to pull the country out of the Great Depression.The FHA introduced a new type of home loan aimed at people who could not otherwise get them. Characteristics of these new mortgages included lower down payments, 30-year amortizations, 80 and 90% loan-to-values ​​or higher, and universal standards for home qualification as well as construction standards, which were unheard of at the time. All of these characteristics contributed to mass home-ownership becoming a reality. The ease with which an American could own a home would go on to become one of the many factors known as the American Dream.90129 .90000 HOW TO DO FLOW TABLE TEST FOR CEMENT MORTAR? 90001 90002 The flow table test of cement mortar is done only to calculate the amount of water required for gauging for conducting strength test of masonry cement and for drying shrinkage test of cement. It also gives us some idea on the workability of cement mortar. 90003 90002 The amount of water used for gauging in case of 90005 compressive strength test of masonry cement 90006, shall be such as to produce a flow of 90005 110 90006 90005 ± 5% with 25 drops in 15s 90006.90003 90002 The amount of water used for gauging in case of 90005 drying shrinkage test of hydraulic cement 90006, shall be such as to produce a flow of 90005 110 90006 90005 to 115% with 25 drops in 15s 90006. 90003 90002 A specified amount of cement standard sand and water is mixed to make a mortar and allowing it to flow by dropping from a specified height with time. 90003 90022 Apparatus 90023 90024 Measuring instrument 90025 90026 90027 90028 90029 90005 Name 90006 90032 90029 90005 Range 90006 90032 90029 90005 Accuracy 90006 90032 90041 90028 90029 Balance 90032 90029 1000 g 90032 90029 1 g 90032 90041 90028 90029 Mixer 90032 90029 IS: 10890 90032 90029 90032 90041 90028 90029 Flow table 90032 90029 IS: 5512 90032 90029 90032 90041 90066 90067 90024 Other accessories 90025 90002 Tamping rod 90003 90022 Environmental condition 90023 90026 90027 90028 90029 Temp 90032 90029 27 ± 2 90080 0 90081 C 90032 90041 90028 90029 Humidity (Relative) 90032 90029 65 ± 5% 90032 90041 90066 90067 90022 Test Procedure 90023 90094 90095 Take 420 of cement & 1440 g of standard sand and a trial percentage of water.90096 90095 Mix all the ingredients mechanically with the help of a mixer. 90096 90095 Place all the mixing water in bowl. 90096 90095 Add the masonry cement to the water, then start the mixer and mix at the slow speed (140 ± 5 rev / min) for 30s. 90096 90095 Add the entire quantity of sand slowly over a period of 30 s, while mixing at slow speed. 90096 90095 Stop the mixer, change to medium speed (280 ± 10 rev / min), and mix for 30 s. 90096 90095 Stop the mixer, and let the mortar stand for one and a half minutes.During the first the first 15 s of this interval, quickly scrap down into the batch any mortar that may have collected on the side of the bowl, then for the remainder of this interval, cover the bowl with the lid. 90096 90095 Finish by mixing for one minute at medium speed. Incase requiring further remixing, any mortar adhering to the side of the bowl shall be quickly scraped down into the batch with scarper prior to remixing which is to be continued till a uniform mortar is obtained. 90096 90095 Upon the completion of mixing, shake the paddle to remove excess mortar into the mixing bowl.90096 90095 Carefully wipe the flow table top clean, and dry and place the mould at the centre. 90096 90095 Place about 25 mm thick layer of mortar (mixed as above) in the mould and tamp 20 times with tamping rod. 90096 90095 Then fill the mould with mortar and tamp as specified for the first layer. 90096 90095 Cut off the excess mortar by drawing the straight edge of a trowel with a sawing motion across the top of the mould. 90096 90095 Lift the mould away from the mortar one minute after completion of the mixing operation.90096 90095 Immediately drop the table through a height of 12.5 mm, 25 times in 15s. 90096 90125 90022 Calculation 90023 90002 The flow is the resulting increase in average base diameter of the mortar mass, measured on at least four diameters at approximately equi-spaced intervals expressed as a percentage of the original base diameter 90003 90002 90005 90132 Flow = [(D 90133 avg 90134 — D 90133 o 90134) / D 90133 o 90134] * 100 90139 90006 90003 90002 Where, 90003 90002 90005 D 90133 avg 90134 90006 90132 = 90139 Average base diameter 90003 90002 90005 D 90133 o 90134 90006 90132 = 90139 Original base dia.90003 90022 Precautions 90023 90162 90095 The material for moulding each batch of test specimen shall be mixed separately. 90096 90095 Tamping pressure must be sufficient to ensure uniform filling of the mould. 90096 90167 90022 Test standard reference 90023 90002 90005 IS: 4031 (Part-7): 1988 90006 — Methods of physical tests for hydraulic cement (Determination of compressive strength of masonry cement) 90003 .90000 Peak Flow Calculator 90001 90002 90003 90004 Variables and formula 90005 90002 The above calculator estimates the (predicted) peak expiratory flow based on the patient’s age, gender and height: 90003 90002 ■ Age — the PEFR has a specific estimation formula for pediatric patients; 90003 90002 ■ Gender — women tend to have a lower PEFR than men; 90003 90002 ■ Height — tall individuals tend to have a higher PERF. The calculator allows input in either cm or inches, however, inches are transformed in cm that are used in the formula.90003 90002 Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) is estimated via one of these equations: 90003 90002 Children PEFR = ((Height in cm — 100) x 5) + 100 90003 90002 Adult Men = (((Height in m x 5.48) + 1.58) — (Age x 0.041)) x 60 90003 90002 Adult Women = (((Height in m x 3.72) + 2.24) — (Age x 0.03)) x 60 90003 90002 If a measured peak flow value is available, the estimated one is compared to that and a percentage is extracted. This reflects the difference between the predicted (normal for age, gender and height) and the real value.90003 90002 90003 90004 PEFR explained 90005 90002 The peak expiratory flow rate offers information about the airflow through the bronchi, thus can quantify how severe the degree of airway obstruction is. 90003 90002 In order to interpret the result, a comparison is done between the measured values ​​and the predicted ones, usually in practice these are taken from reference value tables published in literature: 90003 90002 ■ The Wright scale; 90003 90002 ■ EU scale; 90003 90002 ■ NHANESIII.90003 90002 Abnormally low values ​​require immediate consult to determine lung functionality, the severity of symptoms and possible treatment. 90003 90002 Patients found with airway constriction are likely to necessitate further treatment for asthma and regular monitoring, as PEFR quantifies asthma exacerbation severity. However, this is not considered a diagnosis test for asthma. 90003 90002 According to the American Lung Association, peak flow readings are classifiable in three zones: 90003 90044 90045 90046 90047 90048 Zone 90049 90050 90047 90048 PEF measured from normal PEF 90049 90050 90047 90048 Indication 90049 90050 90059 90046 90047 Green 90050 90047 80 — 100% 90050 90047 Almost normal function, if patient has asthma, this is under control 90050 90059 90046 90047 Yellow 90050 90047 50 — 79% 90050 90047 Narrowed respiratory airways 90050 90059 90046 90047 Red 90050 90047 <50% 90050 90047 Severe airway narrowing, considered medical emergency 90050 90059 90084 90085 90002 90003 90004 References 90005 90002 1.Balasubramanian S, Ravikumar NR, Chakkarapani E, Shivbalan SO. Peak expiratory flow rate in children - a ready reckoner. Indian Pediatr. 2002; 39 (1): 104-6. 90003 90002 2. Knudson RJ, Lebowitz MD, Holberg CJ, Burrows B. Changes in the normal maximal expiratory flow-volume curve with growth and aging. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1983; 127 (6): 725-34. 90003 90002 3. Radeos MS, Camargo CA Jr. Predicted peak expiratory flow: differences across formulae in the literature. Am J Emerg Med. 2004; 22 (7): 516-21. 90003 90002 4.Knudson RJ, Lebowitz MD, Holberg CJ, Burrows B. Changes in the normal maximal expiratory flow-volume curve with growth and aging. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1983; 127 (6): 725-34. 90003.